Is Sign Language Universal?

Sign Language is not universal: understanding the diversity of Sign Languages

Many people mistakenly believe that sign language is universal, but this is far from the truth. Just like spoken languages, each country has its own unique sign language. For example, American Sign Language (ASL) and British Sign Language (BSL) are entirely different, despite both being used in English-speaking countries. Sign languages are deeply connected to the culture of their respective countries, reflecting unique expressions, gestures, and cultural nuances.

The cultural roots of Sign Languages

Sign languages are not just visual representations of spoken words; they are full-fledged languages with their own grammar, syntax, and expressions that often reflect the culture of the country where they are used. For instance, in Japanese Sign Language (JSL), the sign for “thank you” involves a slight bow of the head, mirroring the cultural practice of bowing in Japanese spoken etiquette. This alignment with cultural norms makes sign languages rich and deeply contextual, tailored to the everyday communication styles of their native users.

This cultural embedding of sign language highlights the importance of recognizing each sign language as a unique linguistic system rather than assuming a one-size-fits-all approach. The diversity of sign languages is a reflection of the diversity of cultures around the world.

International Sign: bridging the gap between deaf communities

However, there is an emerging effort to create a bridge for communication between Deaf individuals from different countries through the use of International Sign (IS). International Sign is not an official language but rather a set of signs that are widely understood by Deaf people across the globe. It serves as a sort of lingua franca, facilitating communication between Deaf individuals who do not share the same national sign language.

I often share International Sign content on social media, which highlights its growing popularity and usefulness. Unlike spoken language users who might struggle with language barriers when traveling, Deaf people often find it easier to communicate across borders thanks to International Sign. This semi-standardized form of communication is evolving and gaining recognition, though it is still unofficial and lacks formal validation.

The simplicity and accessibility of International Sign

One of the key benefits of International Sign is that it allows Deaf people from different countries to communicate more easily during international meetings, social gatherings, or events like the Deaflympics and World Federation of the Deaf Congress. While International Sign lacks the deep cultural elements of national sign languages, it is designed to be simple, intuitive, and universally accessible.

For instance, the signs used in International Sign often draw on gestures that are visually representative and easy to understand, even without prior knowledge. This makes it a powerful tool for fostering connections and understanding among Deaf individuals worldwide, in ways that spoken languages struggle to achieve.

A language in development

Although International Sign is not officially recognized as a language, it is actively used in many international Deaf communities, and there are ongoing efforts to formalize and validate it as a standardized means of communication. For many Deaf individuals, International Sign provides a unique sense of global community and a way to connect with others beyond the limitations of their native sign language.

This contrasts sharply with the experiences of hearing individuals, who often face significant language barriers when communicating with people from other countries. The natural ability of Deaf people to adapt and use International Sign in cross-cultural contexts is a testament to the adaptability and creativity inherent in sign languages.

Embracing the richness of Sign languages

Understanding that sign languages are diverse and culturally specific challenges the misconception of universality and highlights the importance of cultural context in communication. By recognizing the distinctiveness of each sign language and supporting the development of International Sign, we can promote greater inclusivity and understanding across Deaf communities worldwide.

Sign languages, both national and international, embody the rich tapestry of Deaf culture and communication. As we continue to celebrate this diversity, we also move closer to a world where every individual, regardless of language, can connect and share their experiences on a global stage.